Time
transforms barren land into fertile land and back to barren
land again. But time does not destroy human dreams. Whether
they are pondering deserted shores, exploring a muddy
historic path, or awakening in a snowy land, people are
always creating stories, creating history and creating
the future.
In 627, during the Tang Dynasty, the Dharma Master
Hsuan Tsang started his westward journey by foot from
Xian toward remote India to seek Buddhist scriptures.
He crossed the Takla Makan Desert and climbed the Pamir
Plateau that was covered with snow year round. Overcoming
many natural dangers, he finally arrived in India. (At
that time, the Indian territory included the area from
what is present day Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Kashmir,
down to the south of the Hindu Kush Mountains).
After 19 years, Hsuan-Tsang returned home with the
sutras. His verbal accounts of the westward voyage were
written down by his disciple Bien-Ji and compiled into
a book called "Journey to the West In the Tang Dynasty".
This monumental work was rich and vast in detail, and
it was honored as, "a unique and unprecedented historical
account". The contents elaborated on Hsuan-Tsang's personal
experiences in one hundred and thirty-nine countries
and tribes across present China, Central Asia, and India
and gave accounts of history, geography, local culture,
climate, and natural resources. It has since been recognized
as a most complete and systematic account covering the
widest area from the Middle Ages, as well as one of
the most important contributions to historical and geographical
research on this region.
After returning to his homeland, Hsuan-Tsang also created
the Fa-Hsian branch of Buddhism. He translated as many
as 75 volumes of Buddhist scriptures - one thousand
thirty five chapters in total. He disseminated Indian
astronomy, calendar systems, and arithmetic through
China. He also brought Taoism's Lao-Tzu and the Dasheng
qixin lun (¤j¼°_«H½×),
, which is lost now, to India. Because of Hsuan-Tsang's
unusual accomplishments as well as his outstanding contributions
to the spread of Buddhism, he was named "a top
Chinese scholar " by the famous Chinese scholar
Liang, Chi-Chao. Likewise, Hsuan-Tsang is honored in
the West as "one of the greatest adventurers of
mankind."
1300 years later, journalists from Rhythms Magazine,
following the footsteps of Hsuan Tsang, set forth to
make the same westward journey. We began in Xian and
traveled deep into the Great Gobi Desert of Xingjiang.
We visited Central Asia, saw the remains of the Bamiyan
Buddha statues and the rebirth of Afghanistan, found
remnants of the Buddha amidst the upheavals of Pakistan,
and visited the scenic, but politically turbulent, Kashmir.
Finally, we arrived in India.
In reference to the chronicles of The Journey to the
West in the Tang Dynasty, the prayer of the Imam has
replaced the chanting that echoed for a thousand of
years in what is now Xinjiang. A Buddhist nation that
once prospered has been reduced to the broken walls
of an archeological artifact recording a point in the
history of mankind. The old Silk Road still traverses
the lands of unrest in Central Asia, but these places
have not developed a new sense of identity. The weak
structure of the countries leaves them still struggling
on the edge of the world stage.
In Afghanistan, where the ravages of war have taken
a great toll in recent years, statues of the Buddha
that stood for more than 1500 years have now been reduced
to empty caverns. This once prosperous region has sadly
repeated over and over again a cycle of destruction
and rebirth. Due to the religious rivalry and issues
of national boundaries, both Pakistan and Kashmir, both
also once Buddhist regions, still potentially harbor
the sparks of war.
In India, Hsuan Tsang's destination and the birthplace
of Buddhism, the days of Buddhist dominance have gone
and most people are now either Hindu or Muslim. The
relics of Buddhism are buried under gravel and weeds.
The only things recorded in The Journey to the West
in the Tang Dynasty that have withstood the test of
time are food, clothing and daily customs.
We returned home covered with dust and fatigue. We
put together over 10 reports, 2500 photos, and combined
the writings from experts in both Buddhism and Hsuan
Tsang studies to complete this book. Following the route
of Hsuan Tsang - from China to Pakistan and from India
back to China - we revisited the countries of the west.
We witnessed the transformed civilizations, experienced
the evolution of history and wish to leave this clear
and colorful evidence of a great era to future generations.